Category: TCP/IP & OSI Models

02. Data Link Layer of OSI Model (Layer2)

OSI Model - Data Link Layer, ATech, Waqas Karim

OSI Model divides the network communication processes into seven layers in order to simplify it. Each layer performs specific functions to support the layers above it. The 7x Layer model starts from Physical till Application Layer. Data Link Layer is the second layer in the 7Layer OSI Model after Physical Layer. This is the place where most LAN, Ethernet and wireless LAN technologies are defined. Data Link controls the Layer2 Network boundary. The data link layer provides functional and procedural methods of transferring data between two points. It works like traffic control system which works without concern to their ultimate Read More …

01. Physical Layer of OSI Model (Layer1)

OSI Model - Physical Layer, ATech, Waqas Karim

The 7x Layer model starts from Physical till Application Layer. OSI Model divides the network communication processes into seven layers in order to simplify it. Each layer performs specific functions to support the layers above it. Physical Layer is the first & lowest layer in the 7Layer OSI Model. It is responsible for ultimate transmission of data between sender & receiver. The physical layer defines the means of transmitting raw bits over the transmission media.  It also defines how the data is carried over the Physical media rather than logical data packets over a physical data link connecting network nodes. The Read More …

OSI Model Summary Cheatsheet

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OSI Model

OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model) is simply a reference tool, a standardised Reference Framework for conceptualising data communications between networks. OSI was the first conceptual model that characterized and standardized the communication functions of a Network system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology. OSI is a Vendor Neutral Model. Before OSI Model, each vendor used to use its own network model to manufacture Network equipment. So, one vendor’s equipment & network was not compatible with another vendor’s equipment. Buyers were bound to buy only from one vendor. For example, if you were buying IBM Computers then Read More …

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Wireshark Operators

Wireshark is the most useful & popular tool for packet Level deep Network Analysis & Troubleshooting. Most importantly, it is open source. It is like a measuring meter or device to find and examine what is going on inside a network cable or port just like a multimeter is used by an electrician to examine what is going on inside an electric cable … but of course at much deeper level. Wireshark or such SW tools are not something very new. Such tools were available in the past as well but they were very expensive and proprietary because they were mostly Read More …