OSI Model Summary Cheatsheet

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Computer Networks

A network is a system which includes two or more entities e.g. Computers, Servers, Clients, Switches, Hubs, Routers and Peripherals etc., which allows sharing of resources (like Printers, CD’s and FAX) and information. A network also allows electronic communication between its connected devices. These devices can be connected by means of guided media (which includes all wired connections) or by some unguided media (which includes all wireless connections). A Computer Network is a network which consists of more than one Computers or computing devices connected to each other (by means of some media) to share their resources or information. These devices Read More …

OSI Model

OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model) is simply a reference tool, a standardised Reference Framework for conceptualising data communications between networks. OSI was the first conceptual model that characterized and standardized the communication functions of a Network system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology. OSI is a Vendor Neutral Model. Before OSI Model, each vendor used to use its own network model to manufacture Network equipment. So, one vendor’s equipment & network was not compatible with another vendor’s equipment. Buyers were bound to buy only from one vendor. For example, if you were buying IBM Computers then Read More …

Principles of Bit Errors – I

Errors occurring to data during the transmission process are called Bit Errors (BER). It is a key parameter that is used in assessing systems that transmit digital data from one location to another. Specifically, it is the error of a single number between receiving and sending data signals. BER is critical for radio data links, Optical data systems (fiber), Ethernet. The basis of BER are same in all of these systems even though there are some differences in functioning of these systems, how they work and the way in which Bit Error rate is affected. . A good knowledge of the BER also enables Read More …

Wireshark Operators

Wireshark is the most useful & popular tool for packet Level deep Network Analysis & Troubleshooting. Most importantly, it is open source. It is like a measuring meter or device to find and examine what is going on inside a network cable or port just like a multimeter is used by an electrician to examine what is going on inside an electric cable … but of course at much deeper level. Wireshark or such SW tools are not something very new. Such tools were available in the past as well but they were very expensive and proprietary because they were mostly Read More …